Safer Medicine: Preventing Nanoparticle-Induced Inflammation in Lung Blood Vessels

Nanoparticle-based therapeutics hold significant promise for targeted drug delivery to the lungs, thanks to the extensive pulmonary capillary network that facilitates their interaction with lung tissue. To ensure the safe application of this technology in patients, it is essential to understand the effects of engineered nanoparticles in the pulmonary microcirculation.

Cutting-Edge Imaging Sheds Light on Nanoparticle Behavior

The team of researchers employed a cutting-edge imaging technique called intravital microscopy to observe the effects of nanoparticles in the lungs of mice. This approach allowed them to see in real time how the particles interacted with the lung’s tiny blood vessels and triggered immune responses. It was the first time that such detailed insights were gained by observing the alveolar region, where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

A Key Receptor Sparks Inflammation

Their analysis revealed that a specific receptor called P2x7 plays a key role in starting the inflammation process. When nanoparticles are present, this receptor activates the cells lining the blood vessels, which then attract immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the area. This immune reaction is part of the body’s natural response to what it perceives as a threat.

“The knowledge acquired by the research team, not only advances our understanding of pulmonary immune responses to nanoparticles but also offers a foundation for developing safer nanomedicines and addressing the side effects associated with pulmonary vascular inflammation”, so Markus Rehberg, the last author of the study.